Diseases

Kidney failure, medically termed renal failure, occurs when the kidneys can no longer perform their essential functions of filtering waste, balancing fluids, and regulating electrolytes. This comprehensive guide provides medical students and healthcare professionals with an in-depth understanding of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI)—including classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, current KDIGO staging, and management strategies such as dialysis, transplant, and pharmacologic interventions.